Anatomy: Upper Back
| Muscles | Attachements | Nerve Supply | Actions | Special Tests |
| Trapezius | O: Medial 3rd of superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T12 vertebrae I: Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula | Cranial Nerve 11 C3 and C4 | – Upper fibers: elevate shoulders -Middle fibers: retracts scapula – Lower fibers: rotates scapula downward | Middle Trapezius Strength Test, Upper Trapezius Strength Test |
| Rhomboid Major | O: Spinous process of T2- T5 I: Lower 2/3 of medial border of scapula | Dorsal Scapular Nerve | – Retracts scapula | Rhomboids Strength Test |
| Rhomboids Minor | O: Nuchal ligament, Spinous process of C7 – T1 I: Upper 1/3 of medial border of scapula | Dorsal Scapular Nerve | – Retracts scapula | Rhomboids Strength Test |
