Anatomy: Neck


Posterior Neck

MuscleAttachementsNerve Supply ActionsSpecial Tests
Levator Scapulae O: Transverse process of C1- C4 vertebrae
I: Superior angle to medial border of scapula
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Cervical ( C3, C4) Nerve
– Elevates scapulaLevator Scapulae Strength and Length Tests
Splenius Capitus O: Inferior half of nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3 vertebrae
I: Lateral aspect of mastoid process, lateral thirds of superior nuchal line
Posterior Rami of Middle Cervical Spinal Nerves – Laterally flexes neck
– Rotates neck to same side
– Extends neck bilaterally
Posterolateral Neck Flexors Strength Test
Splenius Cervicus O: Spinous Processes of T3-T6
I: Transverse processes of C1 – C3/ C4 vertebrae
Posterior Rami of Middle Cervical Spinal NervesLaterally flexes neck
– Rotates neck to same side
– Extends neck bilaterally
Posterolateral Neck Flexors Strength Test
Suboccipitals
(Rectus capitis posterior mj; RCP+, Rectus capitis posterior minor; RCP-, Oblique capitis inferior; OSI, Oblique capitis superior; OCS)
RCP+
O: Spinous process of C2 vertebrae
I: Lateral part of inferior nuchal line
RCP-
O: Posterior arch of C1 vertebrae
I: Medial third of inferior nuchal line
OCI
O: Spinous process of C2 vertebrae
I: Transverse process of C1 vertebrae
OCS
O: Transverse process of C1
I: Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
Suboccipital Nerve – Extend head at C1
– Rotated head at C1
Sub occipitals Length Test

Anterior and Lateral Neck

MuscleAttachementsNerve SupplyActionsSpecial Tests
Anterior ScaleneO: Transverse processes of C3- C6
I: 1st rib
Cervical Spinal Nerve (C4- C6)– Flexes neck laterally
-Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Anterior Neck Flexors Strength Test, First Rib Mobility Test, Adson’s Test
Middle ScaleneO: Transverse processes of C2-C7
I: 1st rib
Anterior Rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8– Flexes neck laterally
– Elevates 1st rib during forced inspiration
Travels Test
Posterior ScaleneO: Transverse processes of C5-C7
I: 2nd rib
Anterior Rami of cervical spinal nerves C7 and C8-Flexes neck laterally
– Elevate2nd rib during forced inspiration
Posterior Scalene’s Strength and Length Tests
SternocleidomastoidO: Lateral surface of mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line
I:Anterior surface of manubrium of sternum, superior surface of medial third of clavicle
Spinal Accessory Nerve– Tilts head to same side
-Rotates head so face is turned towards opposite side
– Extends neck at C0-C1, bilaterally
– Flexes cervical vertebrae bilaterally
Anterior Neck Flexors Strength Test, Anterolateral Neck Flexors Strength Test,
Swallowing Test

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