Dylan Crake RMT & R.KIN

Muscles of Posterior Thigh

Muscle	Attachements	Nerve Supply	Actions	Special Tests
Semitendinosus (Hamstring)	O:Ischial Tuberosity I: Medial surface of superior part of tibia	Tibial Nerve (Branched from Sciatic Nerve)	-Extend hip – Flex knee – Internally rotate knee	Hamstring Strength Test
Semimembranosus (Hamstring)	O: Ischial tuberosity I: Posterior part of medial condyle of tibia	Tibial Nerve ( Branched from Sciatic Nerve)	Extend hip – Flex knee – Internally rotate knee	Hamstring Strength Test
Biceps Femoris (Hamstring)	O: Long Head : Ischial tuberosity, Short head: Linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur I: Lateral side of head of fibula	Long Head : Tibial Nerve, Short head: Fibular Nerve	– Flex knee – Lateral rotation of knee – Extend hip	Hamstring Strength Test
Tensor Fasciae Latae	O: Anterior superior iliac spine along anterior part of iliac crest I: ITB	Superior Gluteal Nerve	– Flex Hip	Ober’s Test

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Muscles of Anterior Thigh

Muscles	Attachements	Nerve Supply	Actions	Special Tests
Rectus femoris (Quadriceps)	O: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine I: Quadriceps tendon	Femoral Nerve	– Extend knee joint – Stabilizes hip joint	Thomas Test, Clarke’s Patello-femoral Grind Test, Ely’s Test
Vastus lateralis (Quadriceps)	O: Greater Trochanter and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur I: Quadriceps tendon	Femoral Nerve	– Extend the knee joint	Thomas Test, Clarke’s Patello-femoral Grind Test
Vastus medialis (Quadriceps)	O: Intertrochanteric line and medial lip of linea aspera of femur I: Quadriceps tendon	Femoral Nerve	– Extend the knee joint	Thomas Test, Clarke’s Patello-femoral Grind Test
Vastus intermedius (Quadriceps)	O: Anterior and lateral surface of femoral shaft I: Quadriceps tendon	Femoral Nerve	– Extend the knee joint	Thomas Test, Clarke’s Patello-femoral Grind Test
Sartorius	O: Anterior Superior Iliac Spine I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia	Femoral Nerve	– Flex hip – Abduct hip – Laterally rotates hip -Flex knee	Sartorius Strength and Length Tests

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Medial Compartment of Thigh

Muscles	Attachement	Nerve Supply	Action	Special Test
Adductor Longus	O: Body of pubis inferior along pubic crest I: Middle third of linea aspera of the femur	Obturator nerve	– Adduct hip	Adductor Length Test
Adductor Brevis	O: Inferior ramus of pubis I: Pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of the femur	Obturator Nerve	– Adduct hip	Adductor Length Test
Adductor Magnus	O: Adductor part: Inferior ramus of pubis, ramus of ischium. O: Hamstring part: Ischial Tuberosity I: Adductor tubercle, Medial lip of Linea Aspera	Adductor part: Obturator Nerve Hamstring part: Tibial Nerve	– Adduct hip – Flex hip – Hamstring portion: Extend hip	Adductor Length Test
Gracillis	O: Body of inferior ramus of pubis I: Superior part of medial surface of tibia	Obturator Nerve	– Adducts hip – Flexes knee – Assists in internal rotation of hip	Gracillis Strength and Length Tests
Obturator Externus	O: Obturator foramen I: Trochanteric fossa of femur	Obturator nerve	– Laterally rotation of hip	Obturator Externus Length Test

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Anterior and Lateral Compartments of the Leg

Muscles	Attachements	Nerve Supply	Actions	Special Tests
Tibialis Anterior	O: Lateral condyle and superior half of the tibia I: Medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of first metatarsal	Deep Fibular Nerve	– Dorsiflexes ankle – Inverts ankle	Tibialis Anterior Strength and Length Tests
Extensor Hallucis Longus	O: Middle part of anterior surface of fibula I: Dorsal aspect of distal phalanx of the big toe	Deep Fibular Nerve	– Extends the big toe – Dorsiflexes ankle	EHL Strength and Length Tests
Extensor Digitorum Longus	O: Lateral condyle of tibia, interosseous membrane, proximal 2/3 medial surface of fibula I: Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits	Deep Fibular Nerve	– Extends lateral four digits – Dorsiflexes ankle	EDL Strength and Length Tests
Fibularis Longus	O: Head and superior 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula I: Base of first metatarsal and medial cuneiform	Superficial Fibular Nerve	-Everts ankle – Supports Transverse arch of the foot	Fibularis Longus Strength and Length Tests
Fibularis Brevis	O: Inferior 2/3rds of lateral surface of fibula I: Dorsal surface of tuberosity of base of 5th metatarsal	Superficial Fbular Nerve	– Everts ankle	Fibularis Brevis Strength and Length Tests

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Posterior Compartment of Leg

Muscles	Attachements	Nerve Supply	Actions	Special Tests
Tibialis Posterior	O: Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia, posterior surface of fibula I: Tuberosity of the navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid and bases of 2nd– 4th metatarsals	Tibial Nerve	– Plantarfles ankles – Inverts ankle	Single Heel Raise
Gastrocnemius	O: Lateral head: Lateral aspect of lateral condyle of femur Medial Head: Popliteal surface of femur I: Achilles tendon	Tibial Nerve	– Plantarflexes ankle when knee is extended – Flexes knee	Thompson’s Test
Soleus	O: Soleal Line of tibia, proximal posterior surface of tibia I: Achilles tendon	Tibial Nerve	– Plantarflexes ankle	Thompson’s Test
Flexor Hallucis Longus	O: Inferior t2/3rds of posterior surface of fibula I: Base of distal phalanx of the big toe	Tibial Nerve	– Flexes big toe	FHL Strength and Length Tests
Flexor Digitorum Longus	O: Medial part of posterior surface of tibia I: Bases of distal phalanges of lateral 4 digits	Tibial Nerve	– Flexes lateral 4 digits – Supports longitudinal arches of the foot	FDL Strength and Length Tests

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